Anna-tomized

The blue coated man looked up with an air of  faked surprise: “oh, what do we have here? .. it’s a hole… !” His index and middle finger disappeared underneath a fleshy gap, “… and you can put your fingers inside it too…” he said with suspicious excitement while looking at a startled white-coated female standing across from him. The meat shifted under the pressure of his wiggling  fingers from inside. She reluctantly but diligently slid her digits in the beefy gap as he pulled his out.

“Now repeat after me” he said, “superiorly, I can feel the subscapularis ” he dictated, “… the …sub …scapularis” she repeated hesitantly, “… and inferiorly I can feel the teres major”  he continued mechanically, “…the …the teres major” she echoed, and quickly retracted her two fingers from the meaty hollow.

Her latex glove was covered in juices; it smelled like formaldehyde and death. At least now she knew the quandrangular space was in the arm-pit.

Welcome to Anatomy 1003.

Two white-coated teenagers dashed by and swung the door open. An intense blast of sweet, alcoholic odor hit my nostrils. I followed the boys inside to find a large brightly illuminated room abuzz with white and blue-coated bodies hurrying to collect scalpels and gloves, scrubbing hands and signing-in. There were unbuttoned lab coats with mini-skirts and high-heeled boots, more disciplined ironed coats clutching post-it ridden anatomy atlases, and then everything in between. I stood still and purposeless amongst the doctors-to-be. Around me, a frantic automated march of humans took place: the living seeking the dead. Against my hesitant and alarmed self, everyone else seemed so removed and casual in comparison, like lobotomized hens trailing in the formalin scent. Once they found a suitable corpse, the waltz came to halt, and the coats formed a small island around the dissection table.

My stomach growled. I felt dizzy and misplaced in my oversized lab coat.

“Yeah, uhm, I don’t really know what I’m doing myself” said the brunette in the blue coat “but like, you can follow me and join one of the groups. We, like … hey girl! How was your summer? … uhm … yeah so we, like, share corpses so the morning group gets one half and we get the other half… hey John!” She motioned for him to phone her.

I’d been a bone lady until then, but the time had come for me to face the meat of the matter. As a PhD student from the Anthropology department I was granted permission to attend a second year anatomy class. I was going to dissect a Homo sapiens.

There was no time for cold feet or a quick philosophizing about the human soul, death, and our purpose on earth. By the time my own light-blue latex gloves snapped over my wrists, the plastic tarp had been peeled back to uncover the assigned defunct and I found myself stomach level with very old and very dead lady.

“Testing…1, 2… hello? Ok, everyone…” announced the professor from the front of the room, “for those of you with female corpses, you should examine the breast area if you can. There’s not much there, but feel free to poke around. As clinicians you’ll end up spending most of your time inspecting the female breast more than any other part of the body, so get used to it”.

The skin looked like something between leather and plastic. The face was covered in white linen underneath a plastic bag, from which contour I could see a mouth agape. A scalpel slid awkwardly through the skin, upper chest and breast came folding across the shoulder. There was no fat to work through, and a quick glance in either direction made me realize that this was a good thing. Two thick yellowish bacon-like flaps hung heavily from either side of the corpse behind me. The students busied themselves scooping the thick fatty ooze that still adhered to the body’s muscles into a human waste disposal bucket beneath the table. I discretely fought an urge to regurgitate.

Over at my table, two females with scissors pecked their way through the fascia. A blue-coated man came over to inspect our progress. Under the judging gaze of the more senior anatomist the student’s hand slid and his scalpel sliced through an artery. He gazed up to meet the blue coat’s disapproving words: “you just killed your patient,” he said, as he took the scalpel away from the white-coated student. “You don’t need a scalpel for this” he continued, and he plunged both his hands into the cadaveric lump. Juices flew, bits of flesh were ripped, specs of white gunk came flying in every direction and a wire saw was ordered. “We need to cut through the clavicle“.

“Do you know who invented this instrument!” exclaimed the second blue-coated gentlemen who with Machiavellian airs tested the tautness of the wire saw string he was holding face-level, between his two extended hands, “Mister Leonardo Gigli! And do you know what he invented it for?” he continued, “for slicing between a woman’s pubic bones for birthing!” he answered. “He was inspired by the sight of a jagged knife during a country banquet.” He tugged at the wire once again and handed the saw to a student before wandering away.

gigliWire saw

After the sawing of the clavicle, the first blue-coated man ripped aside a flap of leather-like skin which was obstructing the view, he pulled the rest of the semi sawed-off clavicle that was still dangling from near the shoulder blade and then hooked his index around a few bluish string-like filaments floating about the innards; he then tugged on them until they teared apart: “Don’t do this during surgery. Your patient will bleed to death. Dead people don’t need veins though.”

Once they’d cut through the muscle and exposed the inside of the shoulder in all its glory, eight undergraduate latexed hands glided through the ribs and dug into the remaining flesh in search of the axillary artery - a large elastic-like tubular structure running from the ribcage to the arm-pit. I was asked if I wanted to touch it by one of the students, and like conspiring hyenas, the other students turned their heads towards me to cheer me on.

Up to that point their perfunctory attitude had made feel quite disturbed, but I was determined from the beginning to allow myself to slip into the Kafkaesque mood of the 2-to-4pm dissecting room sessions for the purpose of learning. I had not, however, envisaged metamorphosing into a cold-blooded butcher myself.

It was bad enough that the latissimus dorsi was worryingly reminiscent of a decent sized slice of Brazilian picanha, that the biceps brachii reminded me of chicken pot roast, and that my thoughts incessantly oscillated between “what’s for dinner?” “Ew, this is a dead body” and “Omg, does this make me a cannibal?” now I also felt the strange urge to touch, dig into, rip and saw open a shoulder out of sheer curiosity about the contents of the human arm-pit.

Around me, the room looked like a giant Mongolian sky burial site, where white-coated students scouted for morsels of decaying meat like vultures with scalpel blades for claws. Before me a macabre flock of scavenger birds taking turns to cut while the other salivating butchers awaited their turn with the carcass.

When the slow-motion vision returned to its normal speed, I took two glances to each side and plopped my light-blue hand onto the desecrated chest, ran my fingers through the clavicle and picked at the bits of pectoralis muscle that were still floating about in the cavity. It felt moist and gummy through the latex. But mostly it felt good.

I retrieved my hand from the corpse and slurped the saliva away from the corners of my mouth to let a student armed with a scalpel clean up the section.

The organ orgy continued below my nose, under the command of our blue-coated Edward Scissor-Hands’ dancing fingers. Like a skilled puppeteer he manipulated the brachial plexus area into a recognizable anatomical landscape. What before had looked like a nonsensical visceral potpourri, was now textbook neat.

“See this?” his right palm slid along the side of the rib-cage, “this is the serratus anterior muscle. It keeps our shoulder in place,” he continued. “What happens when this muscle is severed?” he asked his ignorant audience who simultaneously lifted their shoulders up to their ears in surrender. “Precisely. It’s called a ‘winged scapula’ … careless surgeons used to slice this muscle from the ribs during radical mastectomies.” he concluded while shaking his head disapprovingly.

The rustling of plastic started to be heard. The semi-eviscerated corpses were sprayed with formalin, covered up and laid to rest from the day’s explorations. I parted with my damp latex gloves and still oversized but slightly less pristine white lab coat. The pack of students scurried away as quickly and unorderly as they came in and as the door swayed back in forth under the current of marching bodies, I could feel London’s dampness reclaiming my nostrils.

“ … Yeah, I’m starving, let’s get something to eat!” exclaimed a student ahead of me. “I know right? That stuff really works. I heard it’s supposed to make you hungry … Don’t they use formalin to treat anorexia? Is that true?” replied a second student.

My stomach growled again. I caught bits of disconnected conversations on my way out, but even the aromatherapy torture exchange seemed less bizarre after the carnival of the grotesque I seemed to be just awaking from.

In the span of two hours I had gone from a flesh-avoiding anthropologist, to a bloodthirsty argonaut. A corpse was no longer a person; it was a big pile of meaty territory begging to be explored, and I couldn’t wait for prying open another one of its fleshy chunks.

I looked back at the room as the doors swung shut and grinned.

I had been fully Anna-tomized.

[This is the answer to June's riddle]

moths

“This … stuff?”

“Oh. Okay. I see. You think this has nothing to do with you [...] But what you don’t know is that that sweater is not just blue. It’s not turquoise. It’s not lapis. It’s actually cerulean.

And you’re also blithely unaware of the fact that in 2002 Oscar de la Renta did a collection of cerulean gowns. And then I think it was Yves saint Laurent – wasn’t it – who showed cerulean military jackets [...]. And then cerulean quickly showed up in the collections of 8 different designers. And then it, uh, filtered down through the department stores, and then trickled on down into some tragic Casual Corner… where you no doubt fished it out of some clearance bin.”

- Scene from The Devil Wears Prada

Whether sprung from a physical sensation, or from an emotional state, there is no denying that a feeling of pain is painful. But our lives may very well depend on these necessary evils, as the only way to avoid getting hurt is to know what it feels like to get hurt in the first place. Thus we learn, the hard way, to avoid pain-inducing situations so that we may less often feel pain.

Being able to steer away from situations or behaviours that will cause us physical, emotional, financial, psychological, academic or career aches, and put our own very survival at risk, is thus a basic human instinct. In fact, one of the simplest and most basic pain avoidance strategies, the pain-reflex, is an automatic and unconscious behaviour that doesn’t involve any brain or mental activity at all.

Thus, through trial and error, we learn to discard those behaviours that hurt us, and replicate those that do not and which prove successful to our lives.

And this basic act of ‘ditching the bad and reproducing the good’, is perhaps one of the most important ones governing individuals, societies, organisms (biological or societal) the human genus and the whole of life on earth: the ones who can best and most appropriately apply the ‘discard and replicate’ method, prevail.

big-brother-poster

One need not get too technical in order to see this in action. In fact, one needs not  leave our own living-rooms or even be literate. Most reality shows are perfect examples of our quasi built-in need to practice our selective powers over others, almost regardless of the consequences this may have over foreign lives, careers, personal achievement and financial situations. The platforms and set-ups may vary but the premisse is the same: you vote off the participants who perform the worst (according to your own judgement – whatever criteria you may wish to use). Whether it be in the world famous Big Brother, or on smaller scale online reality shows such as Fourth Fiction, the approach is the same. In order to avoid elimination in these environments, contestants will adopt tactics and adapt behaviours so that they will be allowed to continue onwards and win. In the end, the ’survivor’ will have been successful (and also perhaps lucky) in his strategizing (i.e., in his replicating of those behaviours that worked and discarding those that didn’t) and will be given prizes – the biggest one of which is a short-lived fame.

But unlike reality shows, many other aspects of our lives where competition for survival is at play, do not in fact require such an explicit and conscious process of selection, or even conscious attempts at ‘avoiding elimination’, from the general population.

hot

In the fashion world, the runways may introduce new styles, but whether or not these are adopted by the general public is very much the product of an organic chemistry involving chance, peculiar senses of taste, economic conditions, media reactions, and general public acceptance. In the end,  styles deemed ‘in’ (according to whatever criterion) get replicated the most, trickling down the echelons of the fashion industry, onto the sale rack, and to the give-away bin. Thus the mini-skirt, the leg-warmer and the mullet managed to get picked-up and replicated by the general population, until they became must-haves for closets and heads around the world. It seems that our own views of what is deemed ‘hot’ and what is ‘not’ becomes itself dictated not by taste and/or practicality alone, but by availability, price tag and what everyone around us is wearing. In sum, through a democratic consensus by the general public about what is ‘trendy’.

This is not to say that ‘out’ styles die off – we all still see perms and scrunchies on our way to work – they just get replicated less by the mainstream population and produced less by the chains that sell us our clothing because they work within a free market system dictated by supply-and-demand – an economic system which is itself also governed by a ‘discard and replicate‘ formula (or if you prefer, ‘buy and sell’). But because populations’ tastes are not universally shared or even stable, the presence of groups which do not adhere to mainstream fashion trends, such goths, punks and other socially and uniformly identified crowds, will always persist (and perhaps someday they will be picked up and replicated by the larger population and thus become mainstream fashion trends in turn).

The general media and economically driven mainstream trends arising from seemingly conspiratorial waves trying to put us into little boxes and make us wear what ‘they’ want us to wear, is in fact much more likely to have arisen organically from the general population’s judgement and finger-pointing of what is deemed ‘cool’ at that particular point in time.

pagerank

Graphic depicting Google’s PageRank algorithm system

And it is precisely due to this (unconsciously) democratic processes dictating the rise and fall of fashion trends, that search engines such as Google can work. PageRank is the link analysis algorithm used by Google to measure a webpage’s relative importance, and it “relies on the uniquely democratic nature of the web by using its vast link structure as an indicator of an individual page’s value. In essence, Google interprets a link from page A to page B as a vote, by page A, for page B”. In other words, the more ‘votes’ a page gets, the more ‘important’ it becomes and the more it gets bumped up on the webpage food chain. It is because Google has so accurately captured the aesthetic preferences as well as the content preferences of its customers, that I am still 6th in line behind 5 websites pertaining to a supermodel bearing the same name as me.

On a much smaller but real-time scale, Twitter is another a democratic arena in which topics of interest are picked up and spread naturally throughout the network’s lattice. Twitter can therefore be useful in tracking trending topics by calculating the number of times a certain word, group of words or hashtaged words are mentioned by its users. Many times, but not always, these reflect happenings in the news or of mainstream culture and can provide insights on to what the (twitter) population is most interested in, by looking at the topics users choose to pick up, tweet and re-tweet. Tools such as Twitter, can be said to be some of the most socialist and therefore subversive tools available to anyone that can access them. Information has the potential to be picked-up first-hand and passed from the bottom up, instead of the other way around, thus offering us an escape from the narrow information filters of publishers and media corporations.

“on the Internet, however, it’s not one single subjectivity but a popular hive-mind that decides. The “big break” arrives when, with lightning speed and often to one’s own surprise, the inscrutable pack decides to start forwarding one’s content around.” – Bill Wasik, Bright Lights, Big Internet.

But I would argue that these democratic tendencies are biological in nature, and that they characterize the decision making processes of groups of organisms sharing a particular environment. It’s not enough that a new product or behaviour is invented and publicized, it has to become ‘popular’ for it to be successful, and popularity of a product or behaviour depends on its adoption by a general public who will fixate it due to a recognized value or utility (which can be completely subjective or random – case in point: shoulder pads), which in turn will allow it to become replicated due to a preference for it. Whether they be information, fashion accessories or behaviours, these social units (some will call them memes) will continue to be perpetuated until they fall from the general population’s good graces, at which point they get discarded. Some units may enjoy long lasting popularity, such as mascara, while others may be shorter lived, such as parachute pants.

In the same fashion, modern day first-world societies also get to choose for themselves what works for the population and what doesn’t. Laws, bills, rules, and even moral codes get created, tested, and then approved or discarded according to the population’s will. Different groups will generate different consensuses about what works and what doesn’t, which is why some have the death penalty and some don’t, why some condone rape within marriage while others punish it, why some legalize abortion and marijuana while others consider it a crime, and why some have healthcare systems that cover the whole population and some that extend only to those who can afford it. Perhaps some of these behavioural units will follow MC Hammer’s pants in the near future by being deemed ‘uncool’ by the larger population and discarded in favour of something trendier.

Coalescence3Coalescence tree

If instead of fabric, MC Hammer’s pants were made of long sequences of purines and pyrimidines weaved together in a helicoidal structure of microscopic proportions, they would have disappeared from the gene pool and left no descendants. In the same way that fashion accessories and behavioural habits get replicated and discarded according to each societies’ own tastes, needs, and environments (sheepskin hats would be an improbable trend in equatorial Africa) so do genes get replicated and discarded in human population groups, according to the environments in which they must survive and differing human tastes.

In this way, both types of unit alike (behavioural and genetic) make their way in and out of our lives in a purposeless, directionless way – because much like fashion they have no other reason or rhyme than the one inflicted upon them by the ’show’s’ participants and the context in which they are placed. The selection process behind these trends thus occurs in an organic way, through a natural process in which we are pawns and players all at once and which most of us are, like in the Devil Wears Prada, so blithely unaware of. The process of Natural Selection.

___________________________________________________________________________

In June’s Riddle, ‘Colour me Blind I had asked you to specify what the best colour was, after having you look at 3 pictures depicting 10 multi-coloured circles superimposed on different backgrounds. The purpose was to reflect on the idea and process of selection and the concept of ‘fittest’ as expressed in ‘Survival of the Fittest’ – a sentence coined by Herbert Spencer in 1864 as a synonym for Darwin’s ‘Natural Selection’ and often misattributed to Darwin himself.

The concept of ‘best’, a superlative of good, relies entirely on our own understanding and interpretation of what ‘good’ means – even its meaning is almost universally understood. In this sense, my question was pointless and anyone that was able to provide a valid reason for decreeing one specific colour ‘the best’, is in fact right. But it is precisely because the idea of ‘good’ and ‘best’ are relative concepts that they make for drawing such good analogies with the concept of Natural Selection. This process does not obey orders of an absolute nature, but will rather take on different shapes according to the environments in which organisms are found – it is contextual and relative. What may be good in one environment may be bad, maladaptive or fatal in another environment altogether. The concept of best may also vary according to the particular element of the environment one organism happens to explore. ‘Best’ in the riddle’s context may mean ‘conspicuousness’ or it may mean ‘invisibility’ according to how we wish the interpret it. In this case, against the black background, black may be deemed the best colour because the black circle disappears against its background. On the other hand, green may be deemed the best because it is the colour that is most noticeable against the same background. You may wish to draw parallels between these ideas and the concept of predator avoidance, and mate attraction. Another interpretation would have been to determine how well a colour does in terms of ‘conspicuousness’ or ‘invisibility’ in all 3 backgrounds combined.

In the end, the goal was to reflect upon the use (or rather, the misuse) of the word ‘Fittest’ and the expression ‘Survival of the Fittest’ as a measure of absolute overall gene quality and superiority; an idea which has so often been used to distort the realities of Evolution and of Natural Selection, and which has in indirect ways legitimized political and military movements of disastrous proportions.

[Click here for May's Riddle]         [Click here the answer to May's Riddle]

[Click here for June's Riddle]

This will be the third and last riddle.

Your goal is to give order to the shapes found below. Using the comments section, answer the following questions:

1.  What is the correct order for the following two sequences of shapes?

A.

Picture 5

B.

Picture 4

2. Which of the three shapes, a, b, or c , would you say can fit within both sequences above?

a. 99 b.99999 c. 999

3. In your head, divide the following shapes into 2 or more groups. What criterion did you use?

Picture 6

[This is the answer to May's riddle]

“There is a rare but dramatic neurological disturbance that a number of my patients have experienced during attacks of migraine, when they may lose the sense of visual continuity and motion and see instead a flickering series of ’stills.’ The stills may be clear-cut and sharp, and succeed one another without superimposition or overlap [...]”

- Cited from Oliver Sacks, ‘In the River of Consciousness’, The New York Review of Books, Volume 51, Number 1, January 15, 2004

Much like colour, movement can also be broken down into discrete categories or stills, each one depicting a particular and recognizable moment. Removed from the context, each instant can stand on its own – colour code ff008a is a shade of pink and ff0900 a shade of red, much like the first frame on the film below depicts a man with a moustache and two hands in the air, while the last one depicts the same man with only one visible hand in the air. Neither of these need be placed before or after any other colour codes or frames in order for them to make sense.

Yet… removing any of the stills below from the other 35 stills to which it is linked will blind us to the greater picture: the continuum. Thus we will fail to realize that what we are in fact seeing is not a ‘man with a moustache and one (or two) hands in the air’, but a sneeze.

sneeze

Earliest existing copyrighted motion pictures: ‘Record of a Sneeze’. The series of pictures running in sequence from top to bottom was made byW. K. L. Dickson in the Edison laboratory

If instead of displaying the frames in rows and columns, we juxtapose these images to each other in rapid succession, we create the illusion of fluidity, movement and the passing of time.

Picture 3

January 11 2000 to July 31 2006 with original music by Carly Comando

Such that this:

Picture 1

… becomes this:

wheel_spectrum

But however many frames per second we are displayed, in essence a link is always missing between any two frames. Canon’s new camera (the world’s fastest), at 6.1 million frames per second, ever reduces the amount of time between each two captured instances of a movement – and to the human eye, anything above 30 frames per second appears as ‘fluid’. Thus ever more ‘links’ can be digitally captured between whichever two poses. But precisely because movement can always be broken down into ever smaller frozen snapshots, in the same way that a colour spectrum can be broken down into ever subtler categories containing minuscule differences in colour proportion, in a sense a link is always present.

In fact, it is up to our brains and consciousness to patch these categories together in succession in order to unravel the continuum of which they are part of. Crick and Koch for example, speculate on the neural correlates of motion perception – how visual continuity is perceived or constructed – and they propose that “conscious awareness [for vision] is a series of static snapshots, with motion ‘painted’ on them…[and] that perception occurs in discrete epochs.”

Migraines and certain types of brain damage can disrupt our ability to string stills from everyday life together with sufficiently small amounts of time lapse between them, so that we are unable to make sense of the world. A unique case of such an Akinetopsia disorder was reported in Germany. The patient complained of seeing first an object or a person in one place and then in another but not being able to see them moving between one place and the the next (see youtube video depicting disorder). Among other things like crossing roads or catching the subway,  she was unable to pour tea into a cup because the liquid appeared to be frozen like a glacier and she could not estimate its rise in the cup; she would see a glass half full, and then feel hot water on her feet… two disconnected ‘frames’ removed from their reel, between which lie a whole world of missing links.

… Links, without which we would be unable to see the dawning of humankind, or the birth of human life.

hominids2_sm

Images © 2000 Smithsonian Institution (A: Chimpanzee; N: Homo sapiens)

baby1

Carnegie stages of human development

Betraying the real way in which we see the world is our love for, on the one hand, breaking sequences down into stages and on the other, for stitching stills together into fluid perceptual streams.

… So why do we insist on forgetting our own place in this reel?

Since 99% of all living species that have ever lived on earth have gone extinct, we humans tend to suffer from an Akinetopsia of geological proportions. Indeed, in the absence of material links we are left with frozen tea cups and wet feet – to our heads and eyes two seemingly disconnected events which could not conceivably be linked. It is only when we come out of our epistemological caves and connect the dots, the millions of stills and html codes and weave them together in a colourful patched blanket that our place in the spectrum emerges. And as clear and intuitively as pictures on a moving zoetrope, where one frozen still gives way to another in a continuous and harmonious projection, we witness Evolution…

speciationFour skeletons in the ancestral lineage of the modern whale

…. And now you want the short answer I imagine?

The point I was trying to make was more philosophical rather than technical or even perceptual. This was essentially not so much a riddle as it was an exercise. Understanding the basic principles of Evolution is within everyone’s grasp, but rather than unleashing my frustrations on the misinformed in the form of angry comments, I tried my hand at a different, however over-simplified, approach. And that’s what my riddle was about.

Now, in the name of placing knowledge into categories like a good Homo sapiens, I will give you all marks:

Constantine Markides and Mark Huckabee, you get an A. You all saw my true colours and gave me an answer in tone with what I was aiming for.

Ciaran, Digger , Mark and David, you get an A- for taking the time to do what, in all honesty, I never did, which was taking the time to try to figure it out. However, Mark gets a bonus point for teaching us all about html coding. I should’ve done the homework on such details; hopefully the bonus point will redeem me.

[Click here for May's riddle]                              [Click here for the answer to May's riddle]

[Click here for June's riddle]

June’s riddle consists of just one simple question. You can give your answer in the comments section at the bottom and I will provide the answer next month. Again, there is a real answer to this riddle.

Look at the 3 pictures below, and answer the following question:

1. What is the best colour?

1

2

3

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